Beyond and the marginalized: notes on their relationship on the Castilian hagiographies in the XIII Century
Andréia Cristina Lopes Frazão da SILVA and Thalles Braga Rezende Lins da SILVA
Original title: O Além e os marginalizados: apontamentos sobre sua relação nas hagiografias castelhanas do século XIII
Published in Paradise, Purgatory and Hell: the Religiosity in the Middle Ages
Keywords: After-life, Devil, Hagiography, Iberian Peninsula, Marginalized.
In this article, we analyze two hagiographies written in the second half of the XIII century, known as Milagros de Nuestra Señora and Liber Mariae. Both were written in the kingdom of Castile, respectively, by Gonzalo de Berceo and Juan Gil de Zamora, clergy members with university education. However, the last was a Franciscan, who maintained relations with royalty, while the first was a priest with strong links with the monastic life. In their writings, the moral and didactical appeal directed to the Christians believers is also remarkable. Thus, through a comparative perspective and considering the historical context of the period, we will examine the representations of the marginalized present in the selected hagiographies, making some parallels between the place of the miracles, their social situation and their postmortem fate. For a better understanding of the question, we are also resorting to the associations that are made on the texts between the marginalized and the characters of the Virgin and the Devil, justly because they exemplify the models of inclusion or exclusion in these narratives.
The simbolical representations of the Devil in Ramon Llull and Dante Alighieri (13th & 14th centuries)
Klítia Loureiro and Ziza Scaramussa
Original title: O Diabo e suas representações simbólicas em Ramon Llull e Dante Alighieri (séculos XIII e XIV)
Published in Expressing the Divine: Language, Art and Mysticism
Keywords: Dante Alighieri, Devil, Hell, Midle Ages, Ramon Llull.
This article intents to recover the fundamentals elements of the conception of Devil and Hell in the medieval culture, particulary in the 13th and 14th century. We have analized the vision of the Devil and Hell discrived by Ramon Llull (1232-1316) in no Livro das Maravilhas (1288-1289), Doutrina para Crianças (1274-1276) and Livro dos Anjos (1274?-1283?), briefly comparing his conception with Dante Alighieri and his Divina Comédia (1307-1321).