Crusader Coins: an introduction to their typological and stylistic analysis
María LAURA MONTEMURRO
Original title: Monedas de las Cruzadas: introducción al análisis de su iconografía y estilo
Published in The Middle Ages and the Crusades
Keywords: Coin types, Coinage, Coins, Crusader, Latin East, Numismatics.
The numismatic material offers an outstanding opportunity for iconographic studies, often neglected by art historians. For ages, coinage has not simply served as a medium of financial or commercial exchange, but also (and more interestingly for the art historian) as a vehicle that conveyed, through a wide territorial span, design and iconographic concepts of enormously influential gravitation. Crusader coins are not an exception: on the contrary, its influence in the late mediaeval coinage in regards to iconography and other devices was paramount. This paper attempts to draw attention to several aspects related to the iconography of the Crusader coins, their probable typological models and derivations, that it, its decisive influence in the later Mediaeval and early modern coinages.
“In the Syrian Taste”: Crusader churches in the Latin East as architectural expressions of orthodoxy
Susan BALDERSTONE
Original title: “Ao sabor sírio”: as igrejas dos cruzados no Oriente latino como expressões da arquitetura ortodoxa
Published in The Middle Ages and the Crusades
Keywords: Crusader churches, Latin East, Orthodoxy.
This paper explores how the architectural expression of orthodoxy in the Eastern churches was transferred to Europe before the Crusades and then reinforced through the Crusaders’ adoption of the triple-apsed east end “in the Syrian Taste”2 in the Holy Land. Previously, I have shown how it can be deduced from the archaeological remains of churches from the 4th-6th C that early church architecture was influenced by the theological ideas of the period3. It is proposed that the Eastern orthodox approach to church architecture as adopted by the Crusaders paralleled the evolution of medieval theology in Europe and can be seen as its legitimate expression.
