Aline Dias da SILVEIRA; Rodrigo Prates de ANDRADE

Original title: “Quel dan uenga sobre altre que sobre nos”: tolerância e pragmatismo no Llibre dels Feyts de Jaime I de Aragão (1213-1276)

Keywords: Iberian Peninsula, James I of Aragon, Llibre dels Feyts, Pragmatism, Tolerance.

The purpose of this article is to undestand the representations about the saracens in the autobiography of James I of Aragon (1208-1276) produced in the 1270 decade, the Llibre dels Feyts. Since the contemporary medieval studies interpret these representations from a preponderance of ethinic and religious aspects or a break caused by the first revolt of Valencia (1244), becomes necessary to analyze the relations between christians and muslims from a medieval concept of tolerance in order to encompass them in their historical complexity and increase the interpretations to the developed time by entering James I in the Iberian context of the XIII century. The analysis of the Llibre dels Feyts exposes the operationalization of a pragmatic policy toward the conquered Muslims populations, to tolerate those who recognize the authority and legitimacy of catalan-aragonese monarch. According to an organic and feudal perspective the saracens were incorporated into Catalan and Aragonese territories, without, however, enjoy a equal status.

David NAVARRO

Original title: Juan Manuel (1282-1348) and ‘Jewish’ Professions in Count Lucanor: A Medieval Iberian Model of Inter-Group Relations

Keywords: Convivencia, Count Lucanor, Extended Contact Hypothesis, Jew, Juan Manuel.

This article aims to analyze the personal relationship between Christian writer Juan Manuel (1282-1348) and the Jewish community in his collection of didactic exempla, El Conde Lucanor [Count Lucanor]. Through the theory of out-group interaction, and the mechanisms of re-fencing and extended contact hypothesis, I will examine the relationship of trust and respect reflected between the author and the Jews through the portrayal of some professions attributed to that community by popular folklore, such as money lenders, physicians, alchemists, nigromancers and sorcerers, as shown in the introduction and four exempla of the book. I will analyze several literary techniques employed by the author in regards to these ‘Jewish occupations’ as a resource to minimize the social rejection towards the Jew, and an example of a complex convivencia [cohabitation] that shaped XIV-century Castilian Christian-Jewish relations.

Rafael RAMIS BARCELÓ

Original title: O pensamento político franciscano da Coroa de Aragão (sécs. XIII-XV): modelos, paradigmas e ideias

Keywords: Crown of Aragon, Franciscan Political thought, Franciscanism, Middle Ages.

This paper aims to present the importance of Franciscanism in the political thought of the Crown of Aragon. After examining the settlement of the Franciscan Order in the Crown of Aragon and studying the obtainable historiography, a series of models are proposed through cross ideological currents, thinkers, political actors and basic issues of political medieval theory. This would support the idea that in the Crown of Aragon (in a broad sense) some traits can be individualized that can only be understood through Political Franciscanism.

Marcella LOPES GUIMARÃES

Original title: As memórias de D. Leonor López de Córdoba (1362/63-1430): uma poética do não esquecimento

Keywords: Eleanor Lopez of Cordova, Memoires, Peter of Castile, Trastamara.

The memoires of a Castilian lady Eleanor Lopez of Cordova consist on an unique document for three reasons: the female authorship within the context she was in, the autobiographic text and the support for the rightful faction defeated by the ascension of the Trastamara. Eleanor Lopez of Cordova is the daughter of Martin Lopez of Cordova, who was the Master of the Alcantara and Calatrava orders, and a rare survivor of the persecution that her family went through after her father’s death. With the marriage of Henry III and Catherine of Lancaster, she achieved a noteworthy prominence, which however, was once again dissembled by the complex royal and noble relations during the period of John II’s reing.

Carmen Lícia PALAZZO

Original title: A mesquita de Córdoba e a Alhambra de Granada: o monumento fundador e o derradeiro testemunho de al-Andalus

Keywords: Alhambra of Granada, Great Mosque of Cordoba, Islamic Spain, Ornament in Islam.

This article analyses two of the most significant monuments in Islamic Spain: the Great Mosque in Cordoba and the Alhambra in Granada. Both are treated with regard to the political history of the region. The article stresses the role of Byzantine Christian artists in the decoration of the Mosque, as well as the relevance of decorative arts in both monuments, particularly the occurrence of Quranic mentions of luxury and ornament. It shows the importance, in the Alhambra, of the ensemble as an affirmation of the Nasrid Dynasty, by means of opulent decoration and the epigraphic poetry of Ibn Zamrak in the Fountain of Lions, declaring the genealogical roots of Muhammad V.

Jacqueline HERMANN

Original title: Sementes do Messias: percursos do messianismo régio ibérico (sécs. XIV-XVI)

Keywords: Iberian Peninsula, Judaism, Messianism, Sebastianism.

This paper discusses some of the possible routes of royal messianism in the Iberian world between the XIV and XVI Centuries. Through a vast songbook, poems and texts of various kinds it is possible to identify the roots of royal messianism as emerged in Iberia Peninsula in the Middle Ages, and its development in the Modern Period. The best example of royal messianic expectations, Portuguese Sebastianism, fed upon these sources amongst others, and found fertile ground in the dramatic political context which followed the defeat by the Moors in Alcácer Quibir.

Cecilia DEVIA

Original title: Katechon y derecho de resistencia: una aproximación desde la Edad Media

Keywords: Galicia, Katechon, Late Middle Ages, Right of resistance, Violence.

The figure katechon is a complex and ambiguous character, based on a biblical quote taken from the Second Epistle of Paul to the Thessalonians. Expresses the power to “slow” or “holds” the coming of the Antichrist and therefore the confrontation between the forces of good and evil, which precedes the return of the Messiah and the end of the world. In this paper we build on the analysis undertaken on the concept by different contemporary thinkers. If the figure of katechon be applied in relation to the uprisings in medieval and early modern radical character as those inspired by millenarian movements, one could consider that the daily resistance of the dominated, mostly passive features, would act as a brake for the arrival of the end of the world, necessary for the advent of a new one.

Ana Paula Torres MEGIANI

Original title: Banquetes de damas e cavaleiros: alimentação, cerimonial e etiqueta de mesa na corte dos Habsburgo em Espanha e em Portugal (sécs. XVI e XVII)

Keywords: Courtly etiquette, Eating ceremonies, Hispanic monarchy, Iberian courts.

One of the most remarkable characteristics of modern European monarchies was the adoption of the etiquette system in the habits of the royal household and noblemen in general. This system relates structurally to the building of hierarchies and the creation of symbolic attributes within the courts. This article presents a contribution to the studies regarding the rapport between courtly etiquette and eating ceremonies, either public or private, during the reigns of monarchs from the House of Habsburg, since Charles V to Philip III of Spain.

Daniele Gallindo Gonçalves SILVA; Mauricio da Cunha ALBUQUERQUE

Original title: Bárbaros ou/vs Romanos? Sobre Identidades e Categorias Discursivas

Keywords: Barbarians, Etnogenesis, Identities, Late Antiquity.

In this article, we discuss the identity issues in relation to the world of Late Antiquity and its subsequent representations. To this end, we start with a discussion of the identities in the late-ancient world, emphasizing the complexity and fluidity that occur in the processes of formation (ethnogenesis) and transformation. Then arises the problem of the terminologies used to represent the ancient people (focusing on the concept of “German”), and how these categories, having a potential to produce representations, create misconceptions of identity about (and between) the ancients.

Guilherme Queiroz de SOUZA

Original title: Adoubement e Cavalaria no Ocidente feudal: o Eracle (c. 1159-1184) de Gautier d’Arras

Keywords: Adoubement, Eracle, Feudal West, Gautier d’Arras, chivalry.

The purpose of this article is to analyze the adoubement and the Chivalry in the Feudal West, through the emphasis on the romance Eracle, written by the French cleric Gautier d’Arras between 1159 and 1184. In this work, the protagonist hero is submitted to the adoubement (rite of passage) to join the Chivalry, category considered by some historians as the dominant institution during the Feudalism. We study the evolution and stages of the rite, as well as the main chivalric virtues (courage, loyalty and prudence), the concepts of largesse and prodomie and the art of war. For this, we utilize comparatively works of the 11-12th centuries.

Josué VILLA PRIETO

Original title: La cultura de los menestrales: tratados didácticos medievales dedicados a la dignificación de los oficios mecânicos

Keywords: Francesc Eiximenis, Medieval teatrises, Ramón Llull, Rodrigo Sánchez de Arévalo, Urban trades.

Facing Artes Liberales practiced by intellectuals, experts in Trivium and Quadrivium or doctors in Law or Teology, Artes Mechanicae are exercised by workers through manual practice. In Classical Antiquity they are considered Artes Vulgares, an expression which reflects an underestimation in relation to Artes Liberales. During the Middle Ages, this term is replaced with Artes Mechanicae by philosophers and writers, in order to claim their utility and value in medieval society. This study proposes an interpretative synthesis about speeches dedicated to the classification and dignification the Artes Mechanicae in Spanish teatrises in the Late Medieval period, treatises which are dedicated to issue knowledge and represent the ideal society (Ramón Llull, don Juan Manuel, Francesc Eiximenis, Rodrigo Sánchez de Arévalo) as well in French and Italian authors very known in Iberian Peninsula (Hugh of Saint Victor, Vincent de Beauvais, Ralph of Longchamp, Giles of Rome).

Patricia GRAU-DIECKMANN

Original title: Los Unicornios – Virtud y Traición – enigmática propuesta iconográfica de Salvador Dalí (1904-1989)

Keywords: Alchemical Hermetic Androgyne, Bestiary, Hunting of the unicornio, Salvador Dalí, Unicorn.

“Whether or not a real unicorn existed, it may not itself be as exciting or as important as the things that men dreamed, thought and wrote about it” (Shepard). Of all the stories woven around the mythical figure of the unicorn, one that is repeated over and over again is that only a true virgin can be used as a decoy. Her aroma leaves the unicorn defenseless in front of the hunter who would kill it for its valuable horn. An unexpected iconography is the one proposed by Salvador Dalí in his small statue of The Unicorn.

Alaitz Zalbidea BERENGUER