-Index-

Preface

Ramon Llull – Seventh Centenary

Alexander FIDORA

Original title: Presentación. Ramon Llull – Séptimo Centenario

Special Issue

Ramon Llull and the Liber contra Antichristum

Esteve JAULENT

Original title: Raimundo Lúlio e o Livro contra o Anticristo

Keywords: Faith and Reason, Liber contra Antichristum, Logic, Metaphysics, Ramon Llull, Theology and Philosophy.

A superficial interpretation of the “Book Against the Antichrist” may lead to several misunderstandings of Llull’s thought regarding the relation between Philosophy and Theology: this is particularly true for Llull’s purported rationalism that would despise knowledge through faith and lead to a false equivalence among religions. This article presents a new approach to Llull’s works from a metaphysical and a logical point of view: while holding the truths of faith in abeyance, Llull draws exclusively rational consequences which, however, correspond to revealed truths.

Nosce teipsum in Ramon Llull’s work

Jaume MEDINA

Original title: Nosce teipsum en l’obra de Ramon Llull

Keywords: Anthropology, Catalan Literature, Ethics, Medieval Philosophy, Middel Ages, Ramon Llull, Theology.

Even though the presence of the Delphic precept «γνῶθι σαυτόν» («nosce teipsum») in Ramon Llull’s work is scarce, the research done in the present study reaches a twofold conclusion: firstly, the master's knowledge of the precept; secondly, the importance he gave to it in some central passages of his production.

What things Llull accepts from Muslims

Josep PUIG MONTADA

Original title: Llull, i quines coses accepta dels musulmans

Keywords: Conversion into Christianity, Islam, Raimundus Lullus.

Raimundus Lullus claims to have written some of his works first in Arabic but no evidence is available. No doubt he knew Islamic philosophy and theology and the article tries to answer which elements did he integrate into his doctrine; it looks as if most of them were of formal nature.

Homo, animal pacificans: Toward an interpretation of Llull’s system in anthropological key

Julián BARENSTEIN

Original title: Homo, animal pacificans: Hacia una interpretación del sistema luliano en clave antropológica

Keywords: Human télos, Lullian Anthropology, New interpretation, Peace, Ramon Llull.

In this paper we present the fundamental guidelines for a general interpretation of Llull’s system that takes as points of support the conception of man put forward by Ramon Llull and the specific role of the human being, his télos, in this world. Also, in the course of our research we use elements taken from current interpretations to show, finally, their compatibility in the light of our proposal.

Considerations about Liber Contemplationis in Deum

Matilde CONDE SALAZAR, Carmen Teresa PABÓN DE ACUÑA

Original title: Consideraciones en torno al Liber Contemplationis in Deum

Keywords: Faith, God, Hope, Infidels, Liber Contemplationis in Deum, Mercy, Parallel schemes, Repentance.

The aim of this brief study is to offer some characteristics that have caught our attention in the very broad “Liber contemplationis in Deum”. These aspects are, from a formal point of view, the use of schemes, generally in the form of very carefully designed parallel patterns throughout the Liber; the overwhelming passion that is reflected in the wealth and variety of adjectives that invoke God; and above all, and underlying all the text, the continuous manifestation of Llull’s deep regret and repentance as a sinner, the need to share his faith with infidels and the song of hope and trust in the mercy and pity of God, which marks the culminating points of each chapter.

Articles

The names of the Moors: the perception of the ethnic-cultural differences of the Islamic populations in a Castilian documentation of the 13th century

Renata VEREZA

Original title: Os nomes dos mouros: a percepção das diferenças étnico-culturais das populações islâmicas em uma documentação castelhana do século XIII

Keywords: 13th century, Alfonso X, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Castille, Moors.

The present work analyzes how the Muslims are represented, particularly in the Marian songbook produced by Alfonso X of Castile in the second half of the 13th century (“Cantigas de Santa Maria”), in order to verify if the ethnic cultural differences of the Islamic populations, both of the Iberian Peninsula, and from North Africa and the East are reflected in the documentation. In addition, it seeks to ascertain whether it is possible to affirm ignorance on the part of Christians in relation to the internal divisions of the Islamic world, or whether missing information is due to the specific political agenda.

The Political project and juridical production of Alphonse X. Considerations on the Relationship between Text and Context in some variants in his prologues

Daniel A. PANATERI

Original title: Proyecto político y producción jurídica en Alfonso X. Consideraciones sobre la relación texto-contexto a partir de algunas variantes en sus proemios

Keywords: Law, Monarchy, Politics, discourse, manuscripts.

The aim of this paper is to show how discursive variants stated in the prologues of the juridical works by Alphonse X –in particular, the Siete Partidas– become essential elements for the analysis of changes in his political projects. In this regard, I intend to show the ways in which alphonsine juridical writings are connected to their context, in order to understand the different communicative strategies that are present in those texts as a part of the changes and adaptations that were influenced by historical events.

Uses of the supernatural in the Middle Welsh Chwedyl Iarlles y Ffynnawn

Isabelle VALADE, Luciana CORDO RUSSO, Lee RAYE

Keywords: Arthurian, Chrétien de Troyes, Medieval Welsh, Owein, Supernatural.

This paper examines supernatural episodes in the story of the Knight of the Lion. The story has closely related versions in French (Yvain, ou le Chevalier au Lion) and in Welsh (Owein: Chwedyl Iarlles y Ffynnawn), which allow for analysis and comparison. Even without assuming which author wrote first, we can still study how each text was adapted differently for audiences in Wales and France. This essay finds eleven episodes across both texts (eight in Yvain and nine in Owein). We categorise the supernatural in these episodes as mirabilia, magicus or miraculosus, after Le Goff, Kieckhefer and Sweeney. Our final analysis shows that miraculosus dominates in the French version, presumably due to a Christianising urge of Chrétien de Troyes which emphasises the agency of God in the text. This is not the case in the Welsh version where mirabilis episodes dominate, and the supernatural elements are kept separate from the religious aspects of the text. This analysis suggests that Welsh audiences were more comfortable with secular episodes of the supernatural than French audiences.

From bestiaries to the Iconology of Cesare Ripa: the construction of political and religious representations at the dawn of the Modern Age

Maria Leonor García da CRUZ

Original title: Dos bestiários à Iconologia de César Ripa: a construção de representações políticas e religiosas nos alvores da Época Moderna

Keywords: Bestiary, Fox, Iconology, Machiavelli, Reform, Wolf.

Wolves and foxes, traditionally chosen as representatives of the threat to the sheep that were led by the Pope, Pastor of souls, were animals used both positively and negatively in religious and profane literature, in bestiaries, emblem books and in the “Iconology” of Cesare Ripa in the late 16th century. Putting special emphasis on the latter and comparing political thought and 16th-entury movements of spirituality, I shall attempt to explain meanings in the textual and pictorial representations of the time, in an approach that is part of the “Imagery Studies” of Lisbon University’s History Centre.

La poétique du corps: expressions et gestes dans le Retable de Saint Jean-Baptiste (1425-1430) de Bernat Martorell (1390-1452)

Matheus Corassa da SILVA, Ricardo da COSTA

Original title: A poética do corpo: expressões e gestos no Retábulo de São João Batista (1425-1430) de Bernat Martorell (1390-1452)

Keywords: Analyse iconographique, Bernat Martorell, Corps, Gothique internacional, Retable de Saint Jean-Baptiste.

Ce travail a l’intention de réaliser une étude iconographique du Retable de Saint Jean-Baptiste (1425-1430), attribué au peintre gothique catalan Bernat Martorell (1390-1452), afin d’analyser les représentations imagétiques du corps du saint, ses expressions faciales, ses gestes. Entre la vie d’ermite et la décapitation. Nous aurons, d’abord, une brève contextualisation du thème afin de situer les approches historiques, artistiques et philosophiques sur le corps, en particulier dans le Moyen Âge, notre époque d’étude. Après, nous présentons quelques informations sur l’histoire, l’emplacement et la division des compartiments de ce retable, le plus ancien attribué à Martorell. Nous procéderons, enfin, par l’analyse iconographique de deux des compartiments du retable: le central et ce qui représente la décollation du saint ermite. Nous suivons donc la proposition méthodologique de Erwin Panofsky (1892-1968), associée avec la hiérarchie analytique de Jean-Claude Schmitt (1946-).