Julia BUTINYÀ JIMÉNEZ

Original title: El Paradís en Lo somni de Bernat Metge (c. 1340-1413)

Keywords: Bernat Metge, Humanism, Llibre del gentil e dels tres savis, Lo somni, Ramon Llull.

The concept of Paradise is analyzed in Lo somni, the great humanist dialogue by the notary of the chancellery of Barcelona, Bernat Metge, from the perspective of different religions and traditions (Catholic, Classical, Saracen doctrine and Christianity). The observation also makes it possible to calibrate the strong influence of the Mallorca Philosopher Ramon Llull, who is confirmed behind the origins of the humanist movement, as well as underlines the very peculiar techniques, the intensity of his critical sense and especially the intimate classicist bond. Still, he advances positions which are current issues.

Carlos Jesús SOSA RUBIO

Original title: El Paraíso (c. 1551-1554) como escenografía regia: aproximación a La Gloria, de Tiziano, en el contexto histórico-biográfico de Carlos V

Keywords: Arianism, Charles V, Eschatology, Iconography, Propaganda, Religious Conflicts, Titian.

La Gloria, also called Il Paradiso by Tiziano Vecellio, its author, is perhaps the greatest pictorial creation that the Venetian created during his last years of service to Emperor Charles V. Although it has been defined as a work where the coexistence of the theological, eschatological and dynastic factors reaches the character of a paradigm, and even though its greatness goes beyond the format, there are still numerous doubts that hang around it, fundamentally related to the motif represented, the identity of quite a few characters and the reasons that led to their commission. This research compiles and expands some of the assessments made throughout the history of the canvas, trying to shed a light on doubtful aspects and, along with the religious and private motivations as the driving force of its commission, also allude to those of ideological roots, given the context of religious wars and turbulence of faith in which Titian executed his creation.

Vicente CASTRO MARTÍNEZ

Original title: Kumbi Ṣāliḥ. Un ejemplo de ciudad gemela. Auge y caída

Keywords: African values, Bilād as-Sudān, Ghana and Almoravids, Islam, Kumbi Ṣāliḥ.

The concept of twin city which, many times, is considered specifically African but, however, has its origin in the rise of Islam in territories such as Iraq and Egypt. The aim of this article is nothing but reflexing about this concept using the example of the ancient city of Kumbi Ṣāliḥ. Along the following lines there will be exposed some ideas as the origin of the city, its rise related to its condition of capital of the Kingdom of Ghana, the relation between Islamic and traditional African values and the causes of the decline that ends with the abandon of this place at the beginning of the 13th century. In addition, there will be used some sorts of resources such as archaeological discoveries, written records, and other piece of historical works. Finally, this essay has the proposal of using these resources in a complementary way.

Luiz ASTORGA

Original title: La Lectura de Santo Tomás de la Doctrina Noética Aristotélica en De Anima 3, 5

Keywords: Active Intellect, Immateriality, Passive Intellect, Possible Intellect, Theory of intellect.

The goal of this paper is to show that Saint Thomas Aquinas’ reading of the Aristotelian text in the treatise On the Soul (Περὶ Ψυχῆς, De Anima) regarding the nature of the human intellective faculty – especially in the critical passage of Book III – is not only true to Aristotle’s intentions, but is also more correct and complete than the one put forward by many of Aquinas’ modern critics, who only admit in Aristotelian doctrine a passive intellect and an active intellect.

Geraldo Augusto FERNANDES

Original title: As figuras de linguagem no Cancioneiro Geral de Garcia de Resende (1470-1536)

Keywords: Figurae, Garcia de Resende’s Cancioneiro Geral, Humanism, Poems of mixed forms, Rhetoric.

The studies of Rhetoric and the use of its resources began to emerge during Humanism in Portugal. These were made or found in the libraries of monarchs and princes, as well as in monasteries. But Rhetoric also becomes a discipline that will be key for the nation to commune with humanistic precepts which is spreading throughout Europe with the aim of forming the human person, physically, intellectually, and morally. This advent, which took place from the fifteenth century onwards, also focuses on the literature developed in the palace evenings. In this study, the use of rhetorical devices shows how it interferes in poetics, especially the one developed in Garcia de Resende’s Cancioneiro Geral, from which I extracted the many examples of these embellishing means (of oratory and poetics, as Quintiliano says), all of which are apparent in the poems of mixed forms. What I propose is to present the examples taken from the Resende’s songbook, listing the resources, and showing them in the poems of the compilation. Quintilian and the anonymous of the Rhetorica ad Herennium will be collated with the studies of Juan Casas Rigall, Heinrich Lausberg, Baltasar Gracián, Nair Nazaré Castro Soares, Maria Isabel Moran Cabanas, Antonio de Nebrija, among others.

Ángel GÓMEZ MORENO