A Collective Messiah: Joachim of Fiore’s Constitution of Future Society
Matthias RIEDL
Original title: O Messias coletivo: a constituição da sociedade futura em Joaquim de Fiore
Published in Mystic and Millenarianism in Middle Ages
Keywords: Constitution, Future, Joachim of Fiore, Liber Figurarum, Messiah.
At the end of the 12th century, the famous Calabrian abbot and apocalyptic seer Joachim of Fiore drafted a constitution for the universal Christian society he expected to emerge in a coming third age of the Spirit. This articles shows that the constitution combines a highly complex symbolic structure with very concrete and pragmatic instructions for future social life. While the symbolic structure amounts to the image of a collective messiah, the pragmatic structure evokes the picture of a strictly hierarchical society, where the rank of a person depends on the possession of spiritual knowledge.
A controversial written by Arnaldus de Villa Nova (1242-1311)
Noeli Dutra ROSSATTO
Original title: Um escrito polêmico de Arnaldo de Vilanova (1242-1311)
Published in The Medieval Aesthetics
Keywords: Arnold of Vilanova, Crown of Aragon, Franciscans, Joachim of Fiore, Middle Ages.
I present to the reader the translation of the text De gladius iugulans thomatistas (The sword that slaughters the thomatists) of the Catalan philosopher, doctor and alchemist Arnold of Vilanova (1242-1311). The text teaches the tension between the ideas of the Spiritual Franciscans of the Late Middle Ages, usually linked to the thought of the Calabrian Abbot Joachim of Fiore (12th century) and the scholasticism of the Dominicans. From the contact of Arnold of Vilanova with the Aragonese Court, we have the link between three important themes for the current studies of the presence of medieval political ideas in Latin-American colonial: the Feasts of the Empire of the Divine of Luso-Brazilian tradition, the Franciscans and the Joachimites. In terms of content, the translated text summarizes the main topics covered in the works of the Catalan philosopher, including: the figurative interpretation of writing and its application to the reading of history, evangelical poverty in Franciscan discussion of using poverty (usus pauper) and the biblical prophecies about the end of time and the coming of the Antichrist.
Joachim of Fiore: Trinity, history and millenarianism
Cláudio REICHERT DO NASCIMENTO
Original title: Joaquim de Fiore: Trindade, história e milenarismo
Published in Mystic and Millenarianism in Middle Ages
Keywords: History, Joachim of Fiore, Millenarianism, Thomas Aquinas, Trinity.
The article shows the hermeneutic system developed by Joachim of Fiore to interpret the Scripture and History. The World's figure appears as a synthesis of this system and represents the general history (generalis historia), with regard to the Old and New Testaments, and the special histories (especiales historia). These histories have the relation between the biblical figures, present in both testaments, and the animals described in the prophet Ezekiel's vision. Finally, it makes reference to the criticism that Thomas Aquinas made to the doctrine of the abbot, since there would not be a new gospel that overlap with the new law in his opinion.
Millenarianism in Joachim of Fiore and Antonio Vieira
Noeli Dutra ROSSATTO and Marcus DE MARTINI
Original title: Milenarismo em Joaquim de Fiore e Antônio Vieira
Published in Mystic and Millenarianism in Middle Ages
Keywords: Antonio Vieira, Eschatology, Hermeneutic, History, Joachim of Fiore.
This article aims at analyzing the presence of millenarianism in the works of Joachim of Fiore (c. 1132-1202) and Father Antonio Vieira (1608- 1697). First of all, one shows that there is not properly a millenarianism in Joachim’s works, and that the millenarianism attributed to him comes from the Spiritual Franciscans, the Jesuits and also from some apocryphal texts unduly attributed to him. Based on that, secondly, one points out just an indirect relation between Vieira and Joachim, since, besides the fact that the latter was not millenarian, the Portuguese Jesuit did not ground his prophetical ideas on the abbot’s authentic works. Hence Vieira’s millenarianism, very often related to the abbot’s thought by the critics, would be derived from Joachite circles and some pseudo-Joachite texts.
Narratives of time: Augustine and Joachim of Fiore
Noeli Dutra ROSSATO
Original title: Narrativas do tempo: Agostinho e Joaquim de Fiore
Published in The Time and the Eternity in the Ancient and Medieval World
Keywords: Augustine, History, Joachim of Fiore, Time, narrative.
The Book XI of Augustine's Confessions is analyzed based on the mutual implication between the themes of triplicate present and distention of the soul. The solution shown is that of the ontological paradox and to that of the measure of time being linked to both these themes, and that the notion of narrative presents itself as a possibility of resolution of the paradox between the time of the soul and the time of the world. Lastly the history theory of Augustine and Joachim of Fiore are analyzed from the narrative perspective.
Utopia of the Kingdom of the Spirit
Noeli Dutra ROSSATTO
Original title: Utopia do Reino do Espírito
Published in The Kingdom of the Spirit
Keywords: Agostinho da da Silva, Antonio Vieira, Fifth Empire, Joachim of Fiore, Kingdom of the Spirit.
Three utopian perspectives of the kingdom merge in Luso-Brazilian culture. The Abbot Joachim of Fiore (1135-1205) proposes a Trinitarian division of history into three states (status) of the world, and the Kingdom of the Spirit blooms in third. Derive of the contribution prophetic work of the Jesuit Antonio Vieira (1608-1692) the second perspective that divides history into three kingdoms of Christ, in which the last stage fulfils as a Consummated Kingdom of Christ or Fifth Empire, without the prediction of a Kingdom of the Spirit. Finally, Agostinho da Silva (1906-1994) takes up the Trinitarian division of history and projects a Kingdom of the Spirit as a recreation of the Fifth-imperialism, Messianic and Joachimite utopias, celebrated in the festivities of the Empire of the Divine Holy Spirit.
