Thomas Aquinas

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Culture and school in the Middle Ages. Light and shade of educational problems

Giorgio CRESCENZA

Original title: Cultura y escuela en la Edad Media. Luces y sombras de problemas educativos

Published in

Keywords: Church, Education, Libraries, Medieval Age, Thomas Aquinas, University.

Famines and pestilences that alternated in the medieval age did not always allowed an orderly and regular flow of life. In this context, education and culture have not been a priority for all and of all, however cultural and educational strengths are many, including the birth of Universities and libraries. The article deals with a historical-pedagogical analysis on what happens in the school or in institutions similar to it which transmit culture codified in certain forms, through certain tools, with specific purposes. And this with the awareness that, especially in some periods, Courts and Churches are exactly the main vehicle of education, unlike school. It seems that an extensive renewal movement crosses the same religious circles and, on this point, the pedagogical project by Thomas Aquinas is reminded.

Joachim of Fiore: Trinity, history and millenarianism

Cláudio REICHERT DO NASCIMENTO

Original title: Joaquim de Fiore: Trindade, história e milenarismo

Published in Mystic and Millenarianism in Middle Ages

Keywords: History, Joachim of Fiore, Millenarianism, Thomas Aquinas, Trinity.

The article shows the hermeneutic system developed by Joachim of Fiore to interpret the Scripture and History. The World's figure appears as a synthesis of this system and represents the general history (generalis historia), with regard to the Old and New Testaments, and the special histories (especiales historia). These histories have the relation between the biblical figures, present in both testaments, and the animals described in the prophet Ezekiel's vision. Finally, it makes reference to the criticism that Thomas Aquinas made to the doctrine of the abbot, since there would not be a new gospel that overlap with the new law in his opinion.

Peace and just war according to Thomas Aquinas

Luís Carlos Silva de SOUSA

Original title: Paz e guerra justa de acordo com Tomás de Aquino

Published in Mirabilia Journal 31 (2020/2)

Keywords: Justice, Peace, Thomas Aquinas, War.

The goal of this text is to analyze the notion of peace in Thomas Aquinas’ theory of just war. The texts of Summa theologiae are as follows: STh. IIa-IIae, q. 40, a. 1 and STh. IIa-IIae q. 29, a. 1 and 2. Thomas Aquinas places the notion of peace as the goal of war in the broad context of an ethics of virtues in the line proposed by Aristotle. However, we will argue that Thomas Aquinas’ reception of the Augustinian notion of peace as tranquillitas ordinis (tranquillity of order) plays a fundamental role in his view of just war by allowing him a transcendental justification.

The Notion of Excessus in Saint Thomas Aquinas (1224-1274)

Luís Carlos Silva de SOUSA

Original title: A noção de Excessus em Santo Tomás de Aquino (1224-1274)

Published in The Kingdom of the Spirit

Keywords: Deus, Excessus, Knowledge, Metaphysics, Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite, Thomas Aquinas, Transcendence, Triplex via.

The aim of this paper is to analyse the notion of excessus in St. Thomas Aquinas (Sth. Iª, q. 84, a. 7 ad 3). We will highlight the influence of the negative way of Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite on human intellectual knowledge about God. The term excessus indicates the way of eminence (via eminentiae, per excessum) of our knowledge of the fullness of God’s perfections, that is, of his transcendence.

The language in the medieval scholasticism

Ivanaldo SANTOS

Original title: A linguagem na escolástica medieval

Published in Monastic and Scholastic Philosophy in the Middle Ages

Keywords: Language, Medieval, Problem, Scholasticism, Thomas Aquinas.

This article aims introducing the problem of the language in the medieval scholasticism, specifically in the work by Tomás de Aquino, thinker of greater notoriety in the scholasticism. In order to achieve this goal this article was divided in two parts: 1) The medieval scholasticism; 2) The language in the thought of Tomás de Aquino. Finally, it is confirmed that is necessary perceive that the medieval scholasticism provided relevant discussions about themes that centuries later, guided the modernity, for example, the method, the logic and the language.