A cruz e a Cristandade Medieval
Sonila Morelo
Published in The Philosophical Tradition in the Ancient and Medieval World
Keywords: Christianity, Cross, Imaginary.
Alexander Neckam (1157-1217): On dice players. Study and translation
Nicolás MARTÍNEZ SÁEZ; Lucía GARCÍA ALMEIDA
Original title: Alejandro Neckam (1157-1217): Sobre los jugadores de dados. Estudio y traducción
Published in Games from Antiquity to Baroque
Keywords: Alexander Neckam, Christianity, De naturis rerum, Dice games, Games of chance.
In the first centuries of Christianity, theologians and philosophers viewed with suspicion and contempt both games in general, because they were considered pagan superstitions, and board games in particular, which, associated with gambling, made any Christian lose his head. Aleae or games of chance, where dice were used, were forbidden, and condemned by numerous councils and moral treatises. In this sense, at the end of the 12th century, the English philosopher Alexander Neckam, as a continuator of an antiludic Christian tradition, included in a chapter of his encyclopedia De naturis rerum a section dedicated to dice players where he explains their negative consequences: robbery, fights, economic ruin, and blasphemy. This paper presents, together with an introductory study, the only translation in Spanish, as far as we know, of chapter 183 of book II of De naturis rerum.
Art and History: the genesis of the monarchy conception in the Christian West (IV-VI centuries)
Ricardo da COSTA
Original title: Arte e História: a gênese da concepção monárquica no Ocidente cristão (sécs. IV-VI)
Published in Idea and image of royal power of the monarchies in Ancient and Medieval World
Keywords: Christianity, Clovis I, Constantine, Middle Ages, Monarchy, Theodosius I, the Great.
The article examines the birth of the Monarchy in the Medieval West. To do it, three paradigmatic cases that helped to build the monarchical ideal are analyzed: the conversions to Christianity of Constantine the Great (272-337) and King Clovis I (c. 466-511), beyond the submission of Theodosius I (347-395) to the Roman Catholic Church, with their corresponding images (fresco, painting, sculpture, coin, illumination, tomb).
Erudition and Charm Poetry in Anglo-Saxon England: Solomon & Saturn I and the Nine Herbs Charm
Elton O. S. MEDEIROS
Original title: Erudição e Poesia Encantatória na Inglaterra anglo-saxônica: Salomão & Saturno I e o Encantamento das Nove Ervas
Published in Art, Criticism and Mysticism
Keywords: Charms, Christianity, Old English, Solomon & Saturn.
Here can be found the first unabridged translation to Portuguese of one of the texts that is part of the group of sources known as The Dialogues of Solomon and Saturn, followed also by the first translation of the Nine Herbs Charm from the Lacnunga manuscript, both from the period of Anglo-Saxon England (5th - 1th centuries). In a parallel analysis, these texts might be considered one of the most enigmatic and – concerning the first one – the less studied by the tradition of Anglo-Saxon and Medieval literary studies. With a content that share elements from the Germanic past, Anglo-Saxon popular magical practices, elements from Greco-Roman culture and Judeo-Christian apocryphal literature.
In perfect future. The End of Time in Augustine, the apocalyptic and Gnostic
Luis Felipe JIMÉNEZ JIMÉNEZ
Original title: En futuro perfecto. El fin del tiempo en Agustín, los apocalípticos y los gnósticos
Published in The Time and the Eternity in the Ancient and Medieval World
Keywords: Apocalypse, Christianity, Culture, Gnosticism, Philosophy of History, Time.
Augustine's reflection on time, from the level of individual salvation and the transcendence of the heavenly city located from the beginning on Earth, able to characterize or shape of medieval culture, but it is also clear that the expectations generated apocalyptic positions – better known as millenarian sects – and the Gnostics did not fail to weigh heavily in the collective imagination that went through the end of the Roman Empire and the so-called Middle Ages. So the contrast between conceived notions about the future in these three directions, it allows you to understand the full extent the meaning and significance of the choice of linear and finite time, hidden under mythical notions as Revelation, Last Judgment, Kingdom of God, eternal salvation, is at the bottom of the beliefs that have been – and somehow still blowing – life to Western culture.
Knowledge and Education in the Late Antiquity: the Monastic Fathers and Ecclesiastics before of Greek-Roman culture
Ronaldo Amaral
Original title: Saber e Educação na Antigüidade Tardia: os Padres monásticos e eclesiásticos diante da cultura greco-romana
Published in The educacion and secular culture in the Middle Ages
Keywords: Christianity, Culture, Late Antiquity.
The Late Antiquity is certainly one of the most important periods for the understanding of our civilization and its culture. Cradle of the Christianity and of that that would come to be the western Christian civilization, for we restrict ourselves to the Latin world, it is in this period that appears and it takes body, or else properly our material structures, in our great measure mental structures, once we owed to the Christianity and its main current of thought of this time, the Patristic, the essential not only of our religious credo, but even of the genesis in our way and thought reason. The Christian culture, for its time, had been indebted of another religious and cultural tradition, being built to the incorporation of that another tradition. This process was developed above all in this period that occupies us and by means of many of those that would come to be known as priests of the Church.
Orthodox Christianity and “Modernity”
Eirini ARTEMI
Published in
Keywords: Christianity, Modernity, Post-patristic, Theology.
Nowadays, there is a question about the relationship between patristic and “after patristic” theology, according to Orthodox theology. This theology comes from the writings of the Fathers, the tradition of the Orthodox Church but also from the general revealed truth of the Church. The opposite of orthodox theology is “after patristic” theology. The latter is an extension of the various newer theologies of western Christian Churches. They make a relevance of theology and feminist, or politics, or different social problems, etc. What is the view of the Orthodox Theology, when many Orthodox support these kinds of theologies and some others have negative attitude to these theologies. Is there any real connection between patristic theology and “modern theology”?
Pain generates understanding: Fair War and Crusades
Luiz Augusto Rocha do NASCIMENTO
Original title: A dor gera compreensão: a Guerra Justa e as Cruzadas
Published in War and Disease in Antiquity and the Middle Ages
Keywords: Christianity, Crusades, Islam, Just War.
The Crusades were no longer a conflict within the history of wars. They were a clash between two worldviews: Christianity and Islam. The beginning of the Crusades, unlike other wars, was based on the principles of just war. This work gave a summary of the origins of just war and Islam. Then he showed that the Church of Rome applies these principles in some cases. One such case was the Crusades.
Palaeochristian Art: Mirror of the worldview of the early Christians
Rosa Maria Blanca CEDILHO, Ana Paula Bernardo de SOUSA
Original title: Arte Paleocristã: espelho da visão de mundo dos primeiros cristãos
Published in Mulier aut Femina. Idealism or reality of women in the Middle Ages
Keywords: Christianity, Iconology, Imperial Rome, Pagan Art, Paleochristian Art.
This research aims to present what are the main aspects of Paleochristian art. This artistic representation was intended to convey the gospel message and educate the followers of this new , who lived between the ages II and IV. However, according to research, it is clear that the Christian themes are mixed with pre-existing pagan art, or with classical art.
Religious conflict in the fifth century through two parallel views – The sack of Rome in 410 AD in two literary works: De Reditu suo of Rutilio Namaziano and The City of God, of St. Augustine
Lilian Regina Gonçalves DINIZ
Original title: O conflito religioso no século V por meio de duas visões paralelas – O saque de Roma, de 410 d.C., em duas obras literárias: De Reditu suo, de Rutilio Namaziano, e A Cidade de Deus, de Santo Agostinho
Published in Relations between History and Literature in Ancient and Medieval World
Keywords: Christianity, Late Antiquity, Paganism, Sack of Rome, Theological conflict..
This article wants to analyze the event known as The Sack of Rome, occurred on 410 DC, using two contemporary works: De Reditu Suo, of the pagan poet Rutilio Namaziano and The City of God, written by the bishop Agostine from Hipona. The choice of these authors aimed to draw a religious parallel that illustrates the theological conflict that existed in that time. It will be initially presented the historical context preceding the period in question, known as Late Antiquity. Will be presented the political, social, economic and military questions, in order to understand the religious and social conflict caused by the rise of Christianity and the consequent decline of paganism. Is important to remember that this article is not intended to be a theological or literary thesis about the works that we are studying here. It is only a superficial historical view of an extremely wide and rich period, too complex to be treated in a few pages.
