Art and History: the genesis of the monarchy conception in the Christian West (IV-VI centuries)
Ricardo da COSTA
Original title: Arte e História: a gênese da concepção monárquica no Ocidente cristão (sécs. IV-VI)
Published in Idea and image of royal power of the monarchies in Ancient and Medieval World
Keywords: Christianity, Clovis I, Constantine, Middle Ages, Monarchy, Theodosius I, the Great.
The article examines the birth of the Monarchy in the Medieval West. To do it, three paradigmatic cases that helped to build the monarchical ideal are analyzed: the conversions to Christianity of Constantine the Great (272-337) and King Clovis I (c. 466-511), beyond the submission of Theodosius I (347-395) to the Roman Catholic Church, with their corresponding images (fresco, painting, sculpture, coin, illumination, tomb).
Bernat Metge and Ramon Llull in front of the Saracens
Julia BUTIÑÁ JIMÉNEZ
Original title: Bernat Metge y Ramon Llull frente a los sarracenos
Published in Society and Culture in Portugal
Keywords: Bernat Metge, Humanisme, Middle Ages, Ramon Llull.
A passage from the book I of Bernat Metge’s Lo somni that had not been attended before, when hi is treating of the paradise of the Saracens, acquires a lucid sense with his reading in the shade of the Llibre del gentil e dels tres savis of Ramon Llull and under a humanistic interpretation. The systematic burlesque one of the barcelonian notary becomes clear across a source of traditional mentality: Ramon Martí. With it, Metge is anticipating the defense of the women, to which he will dedicate the books the III and IVth, as well as it signs his lulian adherence.
Bernat Metge, moralist: the degraded woman, exponent of the hatred and human suffering in his time
Júlia BUTINYÀ
Original title: Bernat Metge, moralista: la dona degradada, exponent de l’odi i del mal humà en el seu temps
Published in
Keywords: Bernat Metge, Catalan Literature, Humanism, Middle Ages, Moral.
Metge offers a new vision of women and their entity, which shifts the medieval as a result of contempt and, at the same time, is his prototypes of hatred. To this end, he portrays the most disgusting ad degrades version, which comes from the Corbaccio, followed by an exquisite gallery of women, inspired by classics. In fact, it is a moral reform, which pictured with the rejection of the misogyny and of the petrarquesque ethics towards love, which was the deformation of the agustinian and confirmed the traditional morality.
Between sins and virtues. A look at the feminine condition in medieval daily life through sacred and secular songs
Antonio Celso RIBEIRO
Original title: Entre Pecados e Virtudes. Um olhar sobre a condição feminina no cotidiano medieval a partir de cantigas sacras e seculares
Published in Music in Antiquity, Middle Ages & Renaissance
Keywords: Eroticism, Female condition, Joglarezas – Soldadeiras, Middle Ages, Social class, Ŷawari.
The present work intends to briefly analyze the role of the medieval woman from her social class whether she is a well-born woman, or a slave, God fearing or mistress of her needs and desires, lover or loved one, courtesan, intelectual and artist and their interest-relationships with eroticism. Therefore, we will briefly discuss on these roles and their implications for society at the time, especially for the joglarezas/soldadeiras and ŷawari – slave-singers specially trained within Arab-Muslim culture, outlining the boundaries between public and private spaces and between the sacred and the profane.
Body metaphors in goliardic poetry: Altercatio cordis et oculi (The dispute between the eye and the heart) and Alte Clamat Epicurus (The cult of the stomach)
Mariana BLANCO
Original title: Metáforas corporales en la poesía de los goliardos: Altercatio cordis et oculi (La disputa entre el ojo y el corazón) y Alte Clamat Epicurus (El culto del estómago)
Published in The Medieval Aesthetics
Keywords: Body images, Carmina Burana, Goliards, Medieval Latin poetry, Middle Ages.
Born in the twelfth century, in the literary world of medieval schools, goliardic poetry is considered one of the most original manifestations of the Medieval Latin lyric for its rebellious vitalism, its celebration of the body and its irreverent criticism of the social order. In this article we propose to analyze some body images and corporal metaphors recurrent in the poetics of goliardism, focusing on the dialectical relations between soul-body and virtue-vice, characteristics of the medieval worldview. We will take into consideration the anonymous poems Altercatio cordis et oculi (The dispute between the eye and the heart) and Alte Clamat Epicurus (The cult of the stomach) and we will study the tensions between the noble and ignoble parts of the body, between the ascetic ideal and excess, between the exaltation of sensual pleasures and the condemnation of the flesh as the origin of sin. Likewise, we will examine the way in which body representation is mediated by the intellectual formation of poets in its double aspect: the classical Latin and the biblical-ecclesiastical traditions.
Colors in the work of Nicholas of Cusa
Marica COSTIGLIOLO
Original title: I colori nell’opera di Niccolò Cusano
Published in Mirabilia Journal 31 (2020/2)
Keywords: Art, Colors, Middle Ages, Nicholas of Cusa, Perception.
When we think about colour and its meanings, we must consider the historical path that colours have gone through, and how they have changed over the course of history. Until the seventeenth century, those who dealt with the perception of colour mainly analyzed its nature, its organization in a system of relationships. From Newton onwards, the understanding of colour is analyzed starting from the relationship of the mechanisms of vision and perception. In Nicholas of Cusa work, we find both perspectives. On the one hand, Cusanus is interested in the mechanism of sight, on the other hand there are numerous metaphors with light and divine light. The philosopher's discourse therefore addresses both an analysis of the mechanism of perception and a broader discourse that becomes a theological and mystical metaphor. In this sense, his work proves to be a rich source also in the context of the history of colours and in general in the history of art.
Crime and punishment: criminality in medieval Valencia in fifteenth century
Alberto BARBER BLASCO
Original title: Crim i càstig: la criminalitat a la València medieval al segle XV
Published in
Keywords: Criminality, Crown of Aragon, Middle Ages, Valencia, XVth century.
Violence and justice has been present during the history at most of societies. During the Middle Age exists different behaviours that alter the order and social peace, and to face up to it, the municipal government were activated different legal mechanisms to reply that transgressive attitudes. Our criminality study in Valencia during the XV century allow us to exemplify the most habitual criminal cases that medieval justices condemn in form of punishment: economic, physical or both. The frequency with which Valencia’s city habitants report the different violent abuses allows us to know which crime and felonies were produced with more periodicity in the kingdom’s capital. In this article we will show the crime which were produced in the city of Valencia and which methods were used to eradicate these behaviours.
Discursive-musical Polyphony in the Cantigas de Santa Maria by Alfonso X, el Sabio
Antonio Celso RIBEIRO
Original title: A Polifonia discursivo-musical nas Cantigas de Santa Maria de Alfonso X, o Sábio
Published in Medieval and Early Modern Iberian Peninsula Cultural History
Keywords: Bakhtin, Cantigas, Dialogism, Discursive-musical polyphony, Jewish, Middle Ages, Music.
The aim of the present work is to analyse the interrelationship between the text and the musical tessitura in one of the pieces from the Cantigas de Santa Maria, by Alfonso X, el Sabio (13th Cent.). The chosen work is extracted among those which deal with the presence of the Jewish people in a Christian realm, where I look for to recover in the melodies, marks that reinforce or denigrate their image, comparing them with Christian presence as well the Virgen Mary. Thus, I take in assumption that music is a language, and I will support the analysis in taking into account the concept of “discursive-musical polyphony” created by Lanna using the theoretical framework of the Russian philosopher Mikhail Bakhtin.
Dux et Rex: power and legitimacy in pictorial representations of bohemian rulers in Central Middle Ages
Vinicius Cesar Dreger de ARAUJO
Original title: Dux et Rex: poder e legitimidade nas representações imagéticas dos governantes boêmios na Idade Média Central
Published in
Keywords: Duchy of Bohemia, Holy Roman Empire, Kingdom of Bohemia, Middle Ages, Political Iconography.
In the vast anthology of Minnerlyrik (now known as Große Heidelberger Liederhandschrift or more commonly Codex Manesse), compiled during the first decades of the fourteenth century, commissioned by Rüdiger Manesse and his son, we can highlight the presence of the single author (from the 137 catalogued there) proven as a non-German: the King “Wenzel von Behein” (in Hochmitteldeutsch) or, more appropriately, Václav II of Bohemia. Our study begins with the analysis of iconographic representation in the consolidated state. Next, we will perform an analysis of the key elements of power, authority and legitimacy of power of the Bohemian dukes. Then we will start an “Archaeology of Representations” from a imagery corpus based primarily on Numismatics and Sigillography, whose pieces are included in a chronological arc extending from 1086 to 1278, from which we will draw a critical study of the development path both of images as the power and legitimacy of these rulers and expressed by them in the same representations. Increasingly, the use of analysis of iconographical representations allows the medievalists to reassess the political history of the Middle Ages, enabling us to have deeper insights on the Political Culture developed in many different European regions. The images and sources discussed here aim to develop a study about Bohemia, the region which is roughly the territory of the Czech Republic today: a duchy, then a kingdom of great material wealth and great political importance between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries, but virtually unknown by the Brazilian medievalist historiography.
El pensamiento político franciscano de la Corona de Aragón (siglos XIII-XV): modelos, paradigmas e ideas
Rafael RAMIS BARCELÓ
Original title: O pensamento político franciscano da Coroa de Aragão (sécs. XIII-XV): modelos, paradigmas e ideias
Published in Medieval and Early Modern Iberian Peninsula Cultural History
Keywords: Crown of Aragon, Franciscan Political thought, Franciscanism, Middle Ages.
This paper aims to present the importance of Franciscanism in the political thought of the Crown of Aragon. After examining the settlement of the Franciscan Order in the Crown of Aragon and studying the obtainable historiography, a series of models are proposed through cross ideological currents, thinkers, political actors and basic issues of political medieval theory. This would support the idea that in the Crown of Aragon (in a broad sense) some traits can be individualized that can only be understood through Political Franciscanism.
