Nobility and Femininity in Medieval Georgia: Thinatin and Nestan
Antonio CONTRERAS MARTÍN
Original title: Nobleza y Feminidad en la Georgia Medieval: Tinatín y Nestán
Published in Aristocracy and nobility in the Ancient and Medieval World
Keywords: Femininity, Medieval Georgia, Medieval Literature, Nobility, Rusthaveli.
The purpose of this work is to analyze the picture of the Georgian noble women, that Shotha Rusthaveli make (12th-13th centuries). I will focus my study on two princesses: Thinatin and Nestan; because they are two main characters in The Knight in the Panther’s Skin.
Reflections of a woman before Hildegard – Christian martyrdom aspects in the work of Rosvita von Gandersheim
Álvaro Alfredo BRAGANÇA JÚNIOR, Christiane de RESENDE MARQUES
Original title: Reflexiones de una mujer antes de Hildegarda – aspectos del martirio cristiano en la obra de Rosvita von Gandersheim
Published in Monastic and Scholastic Philosophy in the Middle Ages
Keywords: Christian martyrdom, Medieval Culture, Medieval Literature, Roswhita von Gandersheim, The Holy Roman Empire.
Roswhita von Gandersheim (tenth century) is considered, the magistra bingensis earlier, the first female voice in literature in German-speaking lands. During its existence, the canonisa wrote epic texts, legends and six theatrical plays, to be represented within the convents, and perhaps also an external audiences. Her classical theater latin culture, specifically of Terence, it was quite helpful in their theatrical texts, in which the artistic knowledge was united their purpose of evangelization. Among the various themes that we noted in Roswhita theatrical plays, calls our attention to the presentation of the concept of martyrdom. Leaving, therefore, a discussion about the ecllesiastical meaning of the word, will get a brief exemplification in Gandersheim theatrical texts, with the intention of showing only with religious language, but mainly with the linguistic record of their texts, an indisputable tool to solidify the Christian virtues in the world in which he lived.
Sacred Architecture and Nature in the Cantigas de Santa María
Ricardo da COSTA, Bárbara DANTAS
Original title: A Arquitetura Sagrada e a Natureza nas Cantigas de Santa María (séc. XIII)
Published in Art, Criticism and Mysticism
Keywords: Cantigas de Santa Maria, Medieval Art, Medieval Literature, Nature.
The Middle Ages was the time of insertion of man in Natural environment. More than that: it was, mainly, the time of the conquest of space, the large land clearance, the architectural constructions (sometimes in the middle of Nature), and the expansions at the expense of the environment. The monastic movements were the drivers of this increase. In this sense, the monks were, par excellence, the pathfinders, the lords, the domesticators of Nature, both subjects as objects to induce this process of understanding, civilization. Theology itself so allowed (“For every sort of beast and bird and every living thing on earth and in the sea has been controlled by man and is under his authority”, Jas 3, 7). The Western civilization was the daughter of this process, of this relationship, of this symbiosis, often unintended, between Nature and Culture, Civilization and Barbarism, raw and cooked. The purpose of this study is to analyze the iconography of the illuminations of two songs and one praise present in the Cantigas de Santa Maria, a work attributed to Alfonso X, the Wise. Our methodology consisted of thematically define the presence of Nature in those three illuminated, so when we fix the following artistic tops: 1) The Sacred Nature (cantiga 10), 2) The Supplicant Nature (cantiga 93) and 3) The Saving Nature (cantiga 7). In order, from Nature that surrounds and adorns the Virgin to Nature, which witnesses the passage of time, in a paradoxical duality between the eternal time of Nature and the fleeting and fickle weather of Art. Meanwhile, the Nature who pleads isolates the leper in his retreat, and, ultimately, the saving Nature is one that involves with his heavenly robe who ask the intercession of the Virgin.
The Cantigas de Santa Maria of King Afonso X (13th century). Cantiga 84: religious orders and aedificationes
Bárbara DANTAS
Original title: As Cantigas de Santa Maria do rei Afonso X (século XIII). Cantiga 84: as ordens religiosas e as aedificationes
Published in
Keywords: Cantigas de Santa María, Medieval Architecture, Medieval Literature, Miniature, Religious Orders.
This work aims to show the importance of medieval religious orders for the realization of architectural works in the medieval period. The main source of this study is not an architectural work in itself, but a codex. Both in images and texts, this book delights us with many references to architectural works. It is the Cantigas de Santa Maria of King Afonso X. A compendium of the 13th century formed by about 420 songs recorded in Galician-Portuguese through rhythmic verses. The songs are “illuminated” by hundreds of historical full-page illuminations that represent in images what the text says in words. Cantiga 84 is the driving force behind this brief survey of some buildings that marked the Middle Ages and still enchant the world.
The Imaginary Tradition of the Divine Voice in The Quest for the Holy Grail: Salvation and Revelation
Alessandra Fabrícia Conde da SILVA; Pedro Carlos Louzada FONSECA
Original title: A tradição imaginária da voz divina em A Demanda do Santo Graal: salvação e revelação
Published in Society and Culture in Portugal
Keywords: Divine Voice, Fisher King, Medieval Literature, Sister of Percival, The Quest for the Holy Grail.
The Divine Voice or voice without body appears in many episodes of The Quest for the Holy Grail, communicating with several characters in different ways. It represents one of the aspects of the medieval imaginary tradition present in the work. This article presents an overview of the manifestations of the Santa Voz, when in contact with several characters, especially with the sister maiden of Perceval and the Fisher King. And it shows what is special about this manifestation revealed to these characters. In the discussion of the theme the article argues on a possible rescue of the feminine figure within the scope of the medieval masculinist culture. For the accomplishment of this study, critical support was sought in Paul Zumthor, Gilbert Durand, Howard Bloch, Mario Pilosu, among other authors.
The chivalrous ideal of Saint Bernard in The Holy Grail Demand
Ademir Luiz da SILVA
Original title: O ideal cavaleiresco de São Bernardo em A Demanda do Santo Graal
Published in Relations between History and Literature in Ancient and Medieval World
Keywords: Bernard of Clairvaux, Knight Templar Order, Medieval Literature, Middle Ages, The Holy Grail Demand.
The Knight Templar Order was established in Palestine, between 1118 and 1119, after the Christian victory on the First Great Crusades, aiming to protect the palmeiros visitors at the Holy Sites. By fits and starts the former warrior monks reached fame and under Bernardo de Claraval intellectual tutorage the Templar was soon spread throughout Europe. The demand, the quest symbol, replaced the crusade sentiment. The literary meaning of these standards, including the joaquimita millenarian strong influence, can be found in Portuguese version of the French feat novel The Holy Grail Demand.
